The automatic weather station refers to the ground meteorological observation equipment that can automatically collect, process, store and transmit a variety of meteorological elements according to the set requirements, which can reduce the observation workload of the observers and improve the time efficiency and quality of observations.
The automatic telemetry weather station is generally composed of a sensor, a data collector, a main control microcomputer, a display printing system, and a power supply system. The sensor includes a temperature and humidity sensor, an air pressure sensor, a wind direction wind speed sensor, and a rain sensor. The automatic weather station transmits the value of the elements measured by each element sensor to various types of electrical signals (analog signals and digital signals) or data collectors; the data collector mainly completes the input and digital processing of multiple measured parameters. The functions of data acquisition and storage, data exchange, and routine fault diagnosis are directly related to the data transmission and processing, and are the core of the data collection part of the automatic weather station. The data collector collects each sensor signal, processes the signal, and communicates with the master computer through a communication cable; the master computer receives the data signal transmitted by the data collector and passes the terminal software to meet the requirements of the surface weather observation specification. , Implementation of ground meteorological observation services. The automatic weather station mainly includes sensors, data acquisition, data transmission, data processing, etc. Among them, the most meteorological element sensor can determine the performance of the automatic weather station.
The intelligent sensors used in distributed automatic weather stations are different from ordinary meteorological sensors. The difference is that smart sensors do not output electrical signals. Instead, electrical signals undergo signal transformation and sample calculation to directly output the weather data we need. The sensor is equivalent to an integrated single-element automatic station. The so-called "distribution" of distributed automatic weather stations refers to the fact that the hardware devices are not concentrated but are dispersed in a relatively wide area, connecting each component through a data bus; on the other hand, they refer to hardware components. Some parts are relatively independent, and data collection is scattered among smart sensors. The bus controller is responsible for providing the field bus (RS485 or RS232 ). Various smart sensors distributed in different areas can communicate with the computer through this bus to achieve distributed measurement.
